The cycling stability of 4 V LixMn2O4 electrodes in lithium, flooded e
lectrolyte glass cells has been improved by the addition of multivalen
t cation dopants (Mg2+, Zn2+ and Al3+). Optimal dopant levels to achie
ve maximum capacity and the greatest stability with repeated cycling h
ave been determined. The effect of doping the oxygen-rich spinel Li2Mn
4O9 was also determined and shown to make no significant improvement i
n the life cycle stability in the 3 V region. (C) 1998 Elsevier Scienc
e S.A.