Cancer of the appendix was found in a 69-year-old female patient affec
ted by long-standing ulcerative colitis (UC). On histological examinat
ion the cancer was a typical cystadenocarcinoma of the appendix. The a
ppendiceal mucosa not invaded by the neoplastic process was normal. Hi
stological examination of the colorectal mucosa did not show dysplasia
or cancer. These findings suggest that appendiceal cancer and UC may
be unrelated diseases. A surveillance program for early detection of c
ancer of the appendix in patients with long standing UC does not seem
mandatory.