This paper analyzed the numerical characteristics of distribution func
tion of particles concentration in oil cycle system of machines by sol
ving the stochastic differential equation, then revised the concept of
equilibrium concentration of particles and put forward a new concept-
stationary concentration. It is proven that the particle concentration
in a machine tends towards a wide-stationary process from a non-stati
onary process in the condition that the running parameters are constan
t and the white noise is introduced as a random component. The statist
ics histogram of data distribution obtained by on-line ferrograph show
ed different distributions depending on whether running parameters are
varied or constant, and it confirms the theoretical analysis. Eventua
lly, a new oil sampling concept is advanced for oil condition monitori
ng and ferrography. That is oil sampling should be on-line sampling or
of larger volume (>100 mi) for off-line sampling in order to get the
time mean and space mean. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A.