G. Tartarini et al., BIAXIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANAR PROTON-EXCHANGED LITHIUM-NIOBATE WAVE-GUIDES, Journal of lightwave technology, 15(5), 1997, pp. 821-826
Results of a theoretical and experimental study on proton exchanged li
thium niobate (LiNbO3) planar waveguides are presented, Experimental r
esults are successfully explained by the theoretical model only if the
guiding layer is assumed to be anisotropic with biaxial characteristi
cs, being this biaxiality induced by the proton exchange process in th
e uniaxial lithium niobate substrate.