THEORIES AND TECHNIQUES FOR OBSERVING TURBULENCE IN THE OCEAN EUPHOTIC ZONE

With growing recognition of the important roles which turbulence plays in the functioning of marine food webs, interest in the tools and tec hniques of measuring turbulence in the ocean has spread from the physi cal to the biological oceanographic community, for which this paper is intended. The subject of ocean turbulence and its measurement is intr oduced, with emphasis on the euphotic zone of both deep ocean and coas tal environments. A discussion of important characteristics of turbule nce and the various means by which turbulence may affect components of the biological system is followed by a simplified outline of the math ematical means used to describe scales of variability produced by turb ulent fields. Existing and developing techniques for field measurement s of turbulence variables are described, with discussion of the ''theo ries'' which are often necessary to transform those variables which we can measure into those we actually wish to know.