Cf. Graumann, VERBAL-DISCRIMINATION - A NEGLECTED CHAPTER IN THE SOCIAL-PSYCHOLOGY OF AGGRESSION, Journal for the theory of social behaviour, 28(1), 1998, pp. 41
While in our culture it is a common experience that hurting others is
done more frequently by means of words than by physical force, the phe
nomena of verbal aggression and verbal discrimination have largely bee
n neglected in the psychology of aggression. Connecting the research f
ields of aggression, discrimination, and discourse, and discussing the
common definition of aggression as intentional harm-doing, it is argu
ed that verbal discrimination, i.e., the verbal treatment of others as
members of an allegedly inferior group or category, must be considere
d a case of aggression as this practice is a violation of other person
s' rights or dignity.