The role of local government in health care matters in Britain has nev
er been trouble-fee. From the dissolution of the Boards of Guardians i
n 1929, through to the creation of the NHS in the 1940s and the introd
uction of the internal market in the 1990s, there have been political
and professional arguments surrounding the issue and, for the most par
t, the case for democratic local governance of health care has failed
to carry the day. This paper looks back to earlier debates, examines t
he current policy context, and looks ahead to possible future scenario
s. It argues that the changing circumstances of both the NHS and local
government makes this an apposite time to rethink established structu
res.