Thymoma has been associated with both humoral immunodeficiency and cel
lular immunodeficiency, but the latter association has never been desc
ribed in the pediatric age group. We report a 15-year-old female with
thymoma, recalcitrant oropharyngeal candidiasis, recurrent generalized
cutaneous herpes simplex virus type 2 infection, recurrent pneumonia
and myasthenia gravis. Pathology of the thymic lesion showed a 10x5x6
cm extensively hyalinized mass with residual regions of spindle cell p
redominant and lymphocyte-rich thymoma. There was no evidence of humor
al immunodeficiency but there was clinical and laboratory evidence of
cellular immunodeficiency with cutaneous anergy and absence of T cell
proliferation to Candida antigen. Six weeks after the thymoma was rese
cted, she was no longer anergic and Candida proliferation was normal,
although she continued to experience infections. This is the first rep
orted pediatric patient with an association of cellular immunodeficien
cy with thymoma.