THE IMPACT OF PRENATAL DRUG EXPOSURE ON THE NEONATE

The effects of various social drugs on the fetus are diverse in their physiologic, teratogenic, and developmental consequences, with potenti al effects that may last well into adulthood. This article reviews the placental-maternal circulation and transfer of drugs to the fetus, th e critical periods of drug exposure during fetal development, and how such effects may be manifested in the newborn period. The specific rec reational drugs and their effects on the fetus and neonate, indication s for screening, potential therapies for drug withdrawal, and paramete rs for long-term neurodevelopmental and psychosocial assessment of the infant and child also are reviewed.