L. Riddez et al., CENTRAL AND REGIONAL HEMODYNAMICS DURING CRYSTALLOID FLUID THERAPY AFTER UNCONTROLLED INTRAABDOMINAL BLEEDING, The journal of trauma, injury, infection, and critical care, 44(3), 1998, pp. 433-439
Objective: To study the effect of graded crystalloid fluid resuscitati
on on central hemodynamics and outcome after intraabdominal hemorrhage
. Methods: Ten minutes after a 5-mm long laceration was produced in th
e infrarenal aorta, 32 pigs were randomized to receive either no fluid
or Ringer's solution in the proportion 1:1, 2:1, or 3:1 to the expect
ed amount of blood lost per hour (26 mL kg(-1)) over 2 hours. The hemo
dynamics were studied using arterial and pulmonary artery catheters an
d four blood flow probes placed over major blood vessels. Results: Dur
ing the first 40 minutes after the injury, the respective blood flow r
ates in the distal aorta were 39% (no fluid), 41% (1:1), 56% (2:1), an
d 56% (3:1) of the baseline flow. Fluid resuscitation increased cardia
c output but had no effect on arterial pressure, oxygen consumption, p
H, or base excess, Rebleeding occurred only with the 2:1 and 3:1 fluid
programs, Survival was highest with the 1:1 and 2:1 programs. Conclus
ions: Crystalloid fluid therapy improved the hemodynamic status but in
creased the risk of rebleeding. Therefore, a moderate fluid program of
fered the best chance of survival.