CAPABILITIES OF X-RAY-METHODS IN STUDIES OF PROCESSES OF PERMEATION THROUGH DENSE MEMBRANES

As follows from the review of recent publications information about th e structural interaction membrane-penetrant is so far fragmentary. The capabilities of X-ray methods in this field have been described for t he system: cellulose-water (light and heavy). Two methods were applied : WAX and SAXS. The following information has been obtained: WAX - exi stence of structural changes, different for H2O and D2O, at intermolec ular level after water-vapor treatment of cellulose, and existence of bulk water after soaking cellulose into water. In order to obtain bett er presentation the structural changes, a method of measurement and ca lculation of interference function, F(k), in a limited range of k, has been elaborated. SAXS - existence of water clusters in cellulose soak ed in water and calculation of their approximate sizes. (C) 1998 Elsev ier Science B.V.