DETECTION OF JC AND BK VIRAL GENOME IN SPECIMENS OF HIV-1-INFECTED SUBJECTS

Human polyomaviruses JC and BK are ubiquitous in healthy human adults, persist as latent viruses and can be reactivated in the immunodeficie nt host giving different pathologies. Due to the experimental evidence of their potential oncogenicity and neurotropism, as well as to the e nhanced viral production induced by co-infection with HIV-1, a possibl e role of these polyomaviruses has been suggested in AIDS-associated p rogressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (PML) and Kaposi's sarcoma. JCV and BKV DNA was detected by PCR in urine and in peripheral blood m ononuclear cells (PBMC) using primers specific for structural (VP1) an d regulatory (R) regions. In HIV-positive subjects BKV and JCV sequenc es were found respectively in 8.1% and 31.6% of urine samples whereas in PBMC the positivity increased to 22.8% for JCV and in 51.1% for BKV . Our results indicated that, at DNA level, the presence of BKV and JC V in urine and PBMC was higher in HIV-1 positive subjects than in HIV- 1 negative subjects and that, in contrast with JCV, BKV positivity was inversely related to blood CD4-level. Intravenous drug users (IVDU) s howed significant increases in both BKV and JCV positivity, while an i ncreased JCV viruria was found in home-bisexuals compared to heterosex uals. The high prevalence of viral DNA in PBMC of both healthy and HIV -positive individuals agrees with the hypothesis that lymphocytes may represent a viral latency site permitting the establishment of virus p ersistence in affected organs, or a vehicle for the spread of the infe ction to different tissues.