J. Crols et Msj. Steyaert, LOW-IF TOPOLOGIES FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE ANALOG FRONT-ENDS OF FULLY INTEGRATED RECEIVERS, IEEE transactions on circuits and systems. 2, Analog and digital signal processing, 45(3), 1998, pp. 269-282
When it comes to integratability, the zero-intermediate frequency (IF)
receiver is an alternative for the heterodyne or IF receiver, In rece
nt years, the zero-IF receiver has been introduced in several applicat
ions, but its performance cannot be compared to that of the TP receive
r yet, This lower performance is closely related to its baseband opera
tion, resulting in filter saturation and distortion, both caused by DC
-offsets and self-mixing at the inputs of the mixers, The low-IF recei
ver has a topology which is closely related to the zero-IF receiver, b
ut it does not operate in the baseband, only near the baseband, The co
nsequences are that, as for the zero-IF receiver, the implementation o
f a low-IF receiver can be done with a high degree of integration, how
ever, its performance can be better, in. this paper, the fundamental p
rinciples of the low-IF receiver topology are introduced. Different lo
w-IF receiver topologies are synthesized and fully analyzed in this pa
per, This is done by applying the complex signal technique-a technique
used in digital applications to the Study of analog receiver front en
ds.