S. Peleg et al., DIFFERENTIAL USE OF TRANSCRIPTION ACTIVATION-FUNCTION-2 DOMAIN OF THEVITAMIN-D-RECEPTOR BY 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D-3 AND ITS A-RING-MODIFIED ANALOGS, Molecular endocrinology, 12(4), 1998, pp. 525-535
Analogs of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 (1,25D(3)) can be used to elucida
te details of vitamin D receptor (VDR) activation. The A ring-modified
analog, (TN-2) has 15-fold less affinity for VDR, but its transcripti
onal activity is diminished 1000-fold. Likewise, the ability of TN-2 t
o induce a protease-resistant conformation in VDR is 1/1000 that of 1,
25D(3). The stability of the VDR-TN-2 complexes is also significantly
tower than VDR-1,25D(3) complexes. Mapping the VDR-binding site of TN-
2 showed that it had a significantly greater requirement for transcrip
tion activation function 2 (AF-2) residues than 1,25D(3) did. These re
sults suggest that the increased requirement for AF-2 residues that wa
s induced by the A ring modifications is associated with diminished re
ceptor activation. To determine whether restoring the potency of TN-2
by additional structural modifications would change the requirements f
or AF-2 residues, we synthesized hybrid analogs with 1 beta-hydroxymet
hyl-3-epi groups and with dimethyl groups at positions 26 and 27 of th
e side chain, without or with a double bond between CD ring positions
16 and 17. We found that the side chain modification enhanced transcri
ptional activity 150-fold, increased the ability of the receptor to fo
rm a protease-resistant conformation 100-fold, and stabilized the VDR-
analog complexes. The addition of the 16-ene group further reduced the
analog's dissociation rate and increased its potency in the protease
assays. These functional changes in the hybrid analogs were associated
with a significant reduction in interaction with AF-2 residues. We co
nclude that there is an inverse relationship between analogs' potencie
s and their interaction with AF-2 residues of VDR.