SLIP HISTORY OF THE 1995 KOBE, JAPAN, EARTHQUAKE DETERMINED FROM STRONG-MOTION, TELESEISMIC, AND GEODETIC DATA

Near-source ground motions, teleseismic body waveforms, and geodetic d isplacements produced by the 1995 Kobe, Japan, earthquake have been us ed to determine the spatial and temporal dislocation pattern on the fa ulting surfaces. A linear, least-squares approach was used to invert t he data sets both independently and in unison in order to investigate the resolving power of each data set and to determine a model most con sistent with all the available data. A two-fault model was used, with a single rupture plane representing faulting beneath Kobe and a second plane representing slip underneath Awaji Island. The total seismic mo ment is estimated to be 2.4 x 10(19) N m (M-w 6.9), with rupture parti tioned such that about 40% of the slip was relatively deep (5-20 km) a nd northeast of the epicenter toward Kobe, and about 60% was toward th e southwest and shallower (mostly 0-10 km) beneath Awaji Island. Analy sis of the slip model indicates that the ground motions recorded withi n the severely damaged region of Kobe originated From the region of re latively low slip (about 1 m) deep beneath Kobe and not from the shall ow, higher slip regions (about 3 m) beneath Awaji Island. Although the slip was relatively low beneath Kobe, the combined effects of source rupture directivity, a short slip duration, and site amplification con spired to generate very damaging ground motions within the city.