Dj. Wald, SLIP HISTORY OF THE 1995 KOBE, JAPAN, EARTHQUAKE DETERMINED FROM STRONG-MOTION, TELESEISMIC, AND GEODETIC DATA, Journal of Physics of the Earth, 44(5), 1996, pp. 489-503
Near-source ground motions, teleseismic body waveforms, and geodetic d
isplacements produced by the 1995 Kobe, Japan, earthquake have been us
ed to determine the spatial and temporal dislocation pattern on the fa
ulting surfaces. A linear, least-squares approach was used to invert t
he data sets both independently and in unison in order to investigate
the resolving power of each data set and to determine a model most con
sistent with all the available data. A two-fault model was used, with
a single rupture plane representing faulting beneath Kobe and a second
plane representing slip underneath Awaji Island. The total seismic mo
ment is estimated to be 2.4 x 10(19) N m (M-w 6.9), with rupture parti
tioned such that about 40% of the slip was relatively deep (5-20 km) a
nd northeast of the epicenter toward Kobe, and about 60% was toward th
e southwest and shallower (mostly 0-10 km) beneath Awaji Island. Analy
sis of the slip model indicates that the ground motions recorded withi
n the severely damaged region of Kobe originated From the region of re
latively low slip (about 1 m) deep beneath Kobe and not from the shall
ow, higher slip regions (about 3 m) beneath Awaji Island. Although the
slip was relatively low beneath Kobe, the combined effects of source
rupture directivity, a short slip duration, and site amplification con
spired to generate very damaging ground motions within the city.