COAGULATION AND SEDIMENTATION IN LAKES, RESERVOIRS AND WATER-TREATMENT PLANTS

Coagulation and sedimentation occur naturally in all lakes and reservo irs and, by design, in water treatment plants using surface supplies. Important factors that affect water quality in lakes and reservoirs in clude nutrient loading, areal hydraulic loading, and detention time to gether with the concentrations of land-derived (pedogenic) natural org anic matter and hardness in waters entering the lake or reservoir. The se, in turn, have important effects on the design and operation of pot able water treatment systems. It is difficult and expensive to use the good physics to compensate for poor chemistry In water treatment plan t design. There are many interesting and useful similarities among the physical and chemical characteristics of lakes, reservoirs, and water treatment plants. (C) 1998 IAWQ. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.