BIOTRANSPORT OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS TO AN INLAND ALASKA LAKE BY MIGRATING SOCKEYE-SALMON (ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA)

Persistent organic pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and the pesticide DDT, known to harm wildlife, have been shown to rea ch pristine Subarctic and Arctic areas by global atmospheric transport . Another transport route for pollutant entry into these ecosystems is provided by migrating salmon. Pollutant transport was studied in a po pulation of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in the Copper River, A laska during their 410 km spawning migration. Pollutants accumulated b y the salmon during their ocean life stage were not eliminated during migration, but were transported to the spawning lakes and accumulated in the freshwater food web there. The influence of the biotransported pollutants was investigated by comparing pollutant levels and composit ions in atmospheric deposition as well as in two different populations of arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus). One grayling population was in the salmon spawning lake and the other in a nearby lake not hosting anadromous fish, but receiving pollutants only via atmospheric deposi tion. The grayling in the salmon spawning lake were found to have conc entrations of organic pollutants more than two times higher than those of the grayling in the salmon-free lake, and the pollutant compositio n resembled that found in salmon. Thus, in the studied Alaska river sy stem, biotransport was found to have a far greater influence than atmo spheric input on the PCB and DDT levels in lake biota.