Np. Longley et al., ULTRAHIGH-ENERGY COSMIC-RAY COMPOSITION FROM SURFACE AIR SHOWER AND UNDERGROUND MUON MEASUREMENTS AT SOUDAN-2, Physical review. D. Particles and fields, 52(5), 1995, pp. 2760-2765
The Soudan 2 experiment has performed time-coincident cosmic ray air s
hower and underground muon measurements. Comparisons to Monte Carlo pr
edictions show that such measurements can make statistically significa
nt tests of the primary composition in the knee region of the cosmic r
ay spectrum. The results do not support any significant increase in th
e average primary mass with energy in the range of similar to 10(4) Te
V per nucleus. Some systematic uncertainties remain, however, particul
arly in the Monte Carlo modeling of the cosmic ray shower.