DETERMINANTS OF ENERGY-CONSUMPTION - EXAMINATION OF ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT POLICIES USING THE TEMIS PROGRAM

Many challenges are associated with the increasing level of energy con sumption and the environmental damage caused. At the local level, ther e is noise and air pollution while at the global level there are probl ems associated with acid rain, ozone layer depletion and the greenhous e effects. The transport sector is a major contributor in both cases. The use of appropriate decision-making tools is required to assist in assessing alternative transport policies. One such tool is the Total E missions Model for Integrated Systems (TEMIS) program, developed at th e Institute of Applied Ecology, Darmstadt. The transport sector initia lly only received cursory treatment in TEMIS. In particular, the model ling of transport end-use processes was insensitive to traffic managem ent measures and consequently insensitive to the effects of changes in traffic on fuel consumption and emissions. An enhanced version of TEM IS has subsequently been used to examine different transport scenarios in order to improve future fuel economy. This paper explores alternat ive transport policy scenarios in the context of air emissions (includ ing greenhouse gases) looking at two independent case-studies in the c ity of Newcastle upon Tyne (U.K.). First, the effects of improvements in fuel emissions in the city of Newcastle upon Tyne; second, the effe cts of different access management strategies for the proposed Inner D istributor Road. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.