THE TOWER OF LONDON(DX) - A STANDARDIZED APPROACH TO ASSESSING EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONING IN CHILDREN

In the current study, the Tower of London (Shallice, 1982) was modifie d to enhance its clinical utility as a measure of childhood executive functioning. The Tower of London-Drexel (TOLDX) was administered to no rmal control (NC; N = 56) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; N = 99) children (ages 7 to 12) to determine whether age-relat ed changes in performance were evident, to gather normative data, and to evaluate the test-retest reliability and criterion-validity of the measure. The results revealed age-related changes in score performance , age-group normative data, an acceptable level of reliability and sig nificant differences in performance of NC and ADHD subjects. Further, discriminant analysis classification rates determined that the TOLDX w as sensitive and highly specific to ADHD. Implications and limitations of the study are discussed. (C) 1998 National Academy of Neuropsychol ogy. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.