O. Khaselev et Ja. Turner, A MONOLITHIC PHOTOVOLTAIC-PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICE FOR HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION VIA WATER-SPLITTING, Science, 280(5362), 1998, pp. 425-427
Direct water electrolysis was achieved with a novel, integrated, monol
ithic photoelectrochemical-photovoltaic design. This photoelectrochemi
cal cell, which is voltage biased with an integrated photovoltaic devi
ce, splits water directly upon illumination; light is the only energy
input. The hydrogen production efficiency of this system, based on the
short-circuit current and the lower heating value of hydrogen, is 12.
4 percent.