Various models for using basic research have been practiced over the y
ears. These include interactive beams, in which representatives from d
ifferent disciplines meet and plan for product development and introdu
ctions; supplier-processor teams in which suppliers serve on interacti
ve teams as representatives of basic research and/or development; form
alized cross-functional teams in which members of the teams are actual
ly evaluated by team leaders; and the old-fashioned water-cooler gang
that informally discusses difficulties and finds informal solutions.