Estrogens have been shown to have a positive effect on mood and cognit
ion. The effect on mood is probably by modulation of other processes,
but estrogen probably is not an effective antidepressant when given al
one. The effect on cognitive function is mostly favorable and direct,
but might vary according to the specific task involved. Some progestin
s counteract the effects of estrogen and especially when administered
in a sequential dosing might cause dysphoria. The mood effects of mixe
d estrogen-like compounds are not yet established. It may be predicted
that eventually the cognitive effects of estrogen replacement therapy
for postmenopausal women will be recognized as an additional indicati
on for that hormone.