BIOMECHANICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF OSSEOINTEGRATION - AN EXPERIMENTAL IN-VIVO INVESTIGATION IN THE BEAGLE DOG

This study reports the results of torsion tests, pull-out tests, and l ateral loading tests on osseointegrated commercially pure titanium fix tures. The tests were performed in vivo on sis beagle dogs. Three fixt ures, each with a diameter of 3.7 mm, were installed bilaterally in th e tibia of each animal. The mean maximal pull-out load was 1.55 kN (n = 4), the mean maximal lateral transverse load was 0.21 kN (n = 2), th e mean maximal lateral axial load was 0.18 kN (n = 2), the mean breakp oint torque was 0.31 Nm (n = 3), and the mean maximal torque was 0.43 Nm (n = 3). The torsion test revealed an almost immediate plastic defo rmation of the interface between the implant and bone: this indicates that although the contact between the bone and the implant is close. t here is no strong bond, at least not in shear. The major transfer of l oad from the implant to the surrounding bone tissue must therefore dep end on the design of the implant. A histological evaluation with measu rements of the amount of bone in contact with the fixtures was perform ed. By the use of the histological and mechanical data, it is possible to estimate shear stresses in bone tissue (Full-out test) and in the interface (torque test). The mean maximal shear stress in bone tissue in the Full-out tests was 100 MPa (n = 4); the mean shear stress in th e interface was 4.3 MPa (n = 3) in the torsion tests at the breakpoint torque and was 6.0 MPa (n = 3) at the maximal torque. It was also pos sible to estimate the shear modulus of elasticity in the Full-out and torque tests. The mean shear modulus in pull-out was 119 MPa (n = 4), and the mean apparent shear modulus in torsion was 9 kPa (n = 3) for a n assumed interface thickness of 100 nm and was 86 kPa (n = 3) for an assumed interface thickness of 1,000 nm.