Information concerning the HLA-A and -B loci was considered in relatio
n to 3796 Amerindians living in 39 places in South America, data relat
ed to HLA-C being based on a smaller subset of 2989 persons distribute
d among 33 localities. Synthetic gene frequency maps were then constru
cted using principal-components analysis. Clearly significant longitud
inal (principal component 1) and latitudinal (principal components 1,
2, and 3) dines were observed, most probably indicating ancient migrat
ion routes.