K+ effluxed from enter hair cells and their nerves is thought to flow
laterally to strial marginal cells for recycling into scala media. Obs
ervations reported here provide evidence that K+ effluxed from inner h
air cells and inner radial nerves travels medially through border cell
s, inner sulcus cells (ISCs), limbal fibrocytes and interdental cells
(IDCs) for return to endolymph. Morphologic features of ISCs in the me
dial route resembled those of Hensen and Claudius cells in the lateral
indicating an ion transport role for ISCs like that of Hensen and Cla
udius cells. Na,K-ATPase in plasmalemma of IDCs testified to their cap
acity to resorb and transport K+ through their known gap junctions. ID
Cs were differentiated into three subgroups. The most lateral IDCs for
med short and long columns. Long columns contacted the medialmost ISC
inferiorly and the undersurface of the tectorial membrane superiorly p
roviding thereby a potential transcellular route for K+ transit from I
SCs to endolymph. Short columns faced inner sulcus below and tectorial
membrane above and accordingly possessed cells with opposite polarity
at the bottom and top of the column. Short columns thus appeared situ
ated to resorb electrolytes from limbal stroma for release into inner
sulcus and beneath tectorial membrane at opposite ends of the column.
The central IDCs were positioned for resorbing and transporting K+ eff
luxing from the Na,K-ATPase-rich stellate fibrocytes which spread towa
rd the IDCs from near the inner sulcus. The most medial IDCs lined cup
like invaginations near the attachment of Reissner's membrane and lay
apposed to light fibrocytes located between supralimbal fibrocytes and
the medial IDCs. Content of Na,K-ATPase and position in the K+ transp
ort route likened the limbal stellate fibrocytes to the spiral ligamen
t type II fibrocytes and supralimbal fibrocytes to suprastrial fibrocy
tes in the lateral wall. From content of creatine kinase and position
in the transport path, limbal light fibrocytes appeared analogous to s
piral ligament type I fibrocytes. The additional finding that limbal f
ibrocytes showed unchanged or upregulated Na,K-ATPase immunoreactivity
in aged gerbils with strial atrophy provided further evidence for an
independent medial transport route and for the survival of inner hair
cells in presbyacusis. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.