Sem. Taylor et al., MODELING OF TRANSIENT FLOW IN HYDRAULIC PIPELINES, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part I, Journal of systems and control engineering, 211(6), 1997, pp. 447-456
This paper describes a method of modelling time-varying flow in hydrau
lic pipelines which may be incorporated into time domain simulations o
f hydraulic systems operating with variable time steps. A previously r
eported finite element method is extended. New approximations to frequ
ency-dependent friction for laminar and turbulent flow are presented.
These are applicable to this finite element method as well as the meth
od of characteristics and finite difference methods. Simulation result
s are compared against theory and excellent agreement is found.