K. Akiyama et al., CONFIGURATIONAL OBSERVATION OF TITANIUM-OXIDE PIGMENT PARTICLES, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 81(4), 1998, pp. 1071-1073
The physical and chemical configuration of anatase-form titanium dioxi
de pigment particles was investigated with a field emission gun using
transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (E
DX). The particle was similar to 0.2 mu m in average size and had an a
morphous-surface-layer thickness of 1-2 nm around the single-crystalli
zed matrix. Niobium that had segregated in the amorphous surface layer
was detected via EDX analysis.