Cells respond to external signals, such as hormonal stimuli, by genera
ting repetitive spikes in the intracellular free-calcium concentration
([Ca2+](i)). These [Ca2+](i) spikes, which can be modulated in their
frequency and amplitude, regulate diverse cellular processes. Experime
ntally [Ca2+](i) can be assessed continuously in contrast to cellular
responses represented by the activation of proteins. We propose a math
ematical model that allows for the on-line decoding of [Ca2+](i) spike
trains into cellular responses represented by the activation of prote
ins.