CYTOPLASMIC EFFECTS ON QUALITY TRAITS OF BREAD WHEAT (TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.) (REPRINTED FROM WHEAT - PROSPECTS FOR GLOBAL IMPROVEMENT, 1998)

The inheritances of thousand kernel weight (TKW), protein percentage, protein quality and grain hardness were studied through an 11 x 11 com plete diallel set of bread wheat genotypes consisting of four alloplas mic lines of Selkirk, two alloplasmic lines of Siete Cerros 66, and fi ve commercial cultivars. Genetic components accounted for 93%, 90%, 78 %, and 92% of total variation for TKW, protein percentage, protein qua lity, and grain hardness, respectively. General combining ability (GCA ) effects were dominant for TKW (48% GCA, 38% SCA [specific combining ability], and 7% reciprocal effects [RE]), protein percentage (70% GCA , 10% SCA, and 10% RE), and grain hardness (59% GCA, 29% SCA, and 4% R E). However, SCA effects dominated for protein quality (30% GCA, 43% S CA, and 5% RE). Broad-and narrow-sense heritabilities were estimated a t 0.95 and 0.65 for TKW, 0.94 and 0.82 for protein percentage, 0.83 an d 0.47 for protein quality, and 0.95 and 0.74 for grain hardness. Reci procal effects were highly significant for all quality traits, but les s effective than additive and non-additive gene effects. Aegilops cyli ndrica, Ae. ventricosa, and Triticum turgidum cytoplasms showed positi ve effects on TKW in some crosses. Ae cylindrica, Ae. variabilis, and Ae. uniaristata cytoplasms seemed to have potential for improving prot ein percentage. T. aestivum cytoplasms were superior to alien cytoplas ms for protein quality. Bolal 2973, Kirac 66 and Bezostaja 1 cytoplasm s increased protein quality in some crosses. Ae cylindrica, Ae. variab ilis, Ae. ventricosa and Ae. uniaristata cytoplasms had significant ef fects on grain hardness. The cytoplasmic variation in B type T. aestiv um cytoplasm was found to be significant for all traits.