Pentoxifylline is a xanthine derivative used in the treatment of perip
heral vascular disease. It is considered to be a safe drug and to the
best of our knowledge there are no reports in the medical literature o
f cases of fatal poisoning. There is only one previous report of a you
ng woman who tried to commit suicide by taking a large amount of the d
rug but recovered. We report the case of a 54-year-old man who took a
massive dose of pentoxifylline and died after 24 h from refractory sho
ck. The blood levels of pentoxifylline were as high as 32.5 mu g/ml wh
ere the average therapeutic level is 1.3 mu g/ml.