Results of a comprehensive study are reported for wastewater character
ization in relation to modelling and design of biological nutrient rem
oval systems for the Metropolitan Area of Istanbul. Domestic sewage qu
ality was experimentally assessed in terms of major polluting paramete
rs. Size distribution and calculation of significant ratios such as BO
D5:COD and COD:N were used to evaluate the mer it of candidate physica
l, chemical and biological treatment alternatives. COD fractionation w
as effected to assess biological treatability and to yield the necessa
ry process components to the recent modelling approaches. (C) 1997 Els
evier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.