ANALYSES OF DETERIORATION OF THE CAPPADOCIAN TUFF, TURKEY

The Cappadocian tuff contains unique erosional features, the so-called fairy chimneys, some of which in the past were dwelled in and contain valuable wall paintings. These historical heritages, however, are und ergoing chemical and physical deterioration due to atmospheric effects . For the conservation studies, understanding of the deterioration phe nomenon of the tuff is essential. In this study, engineering geologica l and physicochemical characteristics of the tuff were determined. The durability of the tuff was assessed through wetting-drying, freezing- thawing, and salt crystallization. The test results suggest that chemi cal weathering may be traced to a depth of 2 cm below lichen-covered s urfaces and 20 cm adjacent to discolored joint walls. Based on durabil ity assessment methods, the tuff may be classified as having poor to v ery poor durability.