Br. Domazlicky et Wl. Weber, TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY IN THE CONTIGUOUS UNITED-STATES, 1977-1986, Journal of regional science, 37(2), 1997, pp. 213-233
A linear programming technique is used to measure total factor product
ivity change in the contiguous 48 states during the period 1977 to 198
6. The technique allows the decomposition of productivity change into
its constituent parts: technological change, changes in pure technical
efficiency, and changes in scale economies. This decomposition is use
d to identify ''innovative'' states that are pushing out the productio
n frontier as opposed to states that are primarily in the process of '
catching-up.'