Rheumatic disease therapies have expanded to include many cytotoxic an
d immunosuppressive agents in addition to corticosteroids and nonstero
idal anti-inflammatory drugs. The use of more aggressive therapeutic i
nterventions may expose patients to potential Life-threatening toxicit
ies. This article reviews the potential cytopenias and malignant hemat
ologic neoplasms associated with the use of some of these therapies. T
he use of recombinant growth factors is also discussed.