Nl. Cloak et al., FACTOR-ANALYSIS AT MINNESOTA MULTIPHASIC PERSONALITY INVENTORY-1 (MMPI-1) VALIDITY SCALE ITEMS, Measurement and evaluation in counseling and development, 30(1), 1997, pp. 40-49
A factor analysis of 332 university counseling center students' respon
ses to Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-1 (MMPI-1: Hathaway
& McKinley, 1967) validity scale items identified four major factors:
Minimizing, Exaggerating, Cynicism, and Psychological Distress.