Three principal factors have militated against the emergence of stable
political formations in India in the decade of the 1990s: the surviva
l of many forms of private economic power which have their bases in la
ndlordism in the villages and controllers of real estate in the cities
; the failure of bourgeois hegemony with a national project to win ove
r contending projects; and the influence of international capital or i
nternationalised domestic capital on political decisions.