NUCLEAR SAFETY AND RADIATION PROTECTION I N RUSSIA

In the Soviet Union, the ministry responsible for nuclear energy at th e same time was the regulatory authority. After the demise of the Sovi et Union, Gosatomnadsor was established as the supervisory authority o f the Russian Federation for Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection f or facilities devoted to the peaceful uses of nuclear power, as in Wes tern models. The responsibility for supervising military nuclear facil ities lies with the Ministry of Defense. Gosatomnadsor is attached a s cientific and technical centre as all expert organization. Emulating t he German model, Gosatomnadsor established a hierarchy of nuclear legi slation and regulations in Russia. It contains sis levels: laws connec ted with the peaceful uses of nuclear power; other laws, directives an d ordinances by the Russian president; standards and codes; regulation s and industrial standards; plant standards; assembly and installation rules. A factor not yet taken into account satisfactorily in the body of rules and regulations in Russia is the nuclear fuel cycle, as many plants are involved in both peaceful and military uses of nuclear pow er. The licensing procedure for nuclear installations is being adapted to the Gosatomnadsor body of rules.