We provide succinct covariant amplitude decompositions of 2-body weak
hadronic decays, with which to compare data, including exclusive rates
, helicity amplitudes and polarizations. For weak decays, the systemat
ic dependence of these amplitudes on masses and quantum numbers of par
ticipating particles are determined within a factor of about two by th
e CKM angles and the Fermi constant so theoretical models need to be m
uch more accurate if they are to be convincing.