G. Rizzolatti et al., THE ORGANIZATION OF THE CORTICAL MOTOR SYSTEM - NEW CONCEPTS, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology, 106(4), 1998, pp. 283-296
A series of recent anatomical and functional data has radically change
d our view on the organization of the motor cortex in primates. In the
present article we present this view and discuss its fundamental prin
ciples. The basic principles are the following: (a) the motor cortex,
defined as the agranular frontal cortex, is formed by a mosaic of sepa
rate areas, each of which contains an independent body movement repres
entation, (b) each motor area plays a specific role in motor control,
based on the specificity of its cortical afferents and descending proj
ections, (c) in analogy to the motor cortex, the posterior parietal co
rtex is formed by a multiplicity of areas, each of which is involved i
n the analysis of particular aspects of sensory information. There are
no such things as multipurpose areas for space or body schema and (d)
the parieto-frontal connections form a series of segregated anatomica
l circuits devoted to specific sensorimotor transformations. These cir
cuits transform sensory information into action. They represent the ba
sic functional units of the motor system. Although these conclusions m
ostly derive from monkey experiments, anatomical and brain-imaging evi
dence suggest that the organization of human motor cortex is based on
the same principles. Possible homologies between the motor cortices of
humans and non-human primates are discussed. (C) 1998 Elsevier Scienc
e Ireland Ltd.