BACTERIAL BIOFILM FORMATION, ENCRUSTATION, AND ANTIBIOTIC ADSORPTION TO URETERAL STENTS INDWELLING IN HUMANS

Encrustation and urinary tract infection are problematic complications of ureteral stent usage. The objective of our first study was to use surface science techniques to examine three ureteral stent types for e ncrustation, biofilm formation, and antibiotic adsorption after use in patients. Black Beauty (N = 16), LSe (N = 16), and SofFlex (N = 32) u reteral stents were recovered from patients who had received trimethop rim or ciprofloxacin while the stent was indwelling. These stents were examined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning ele ctron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM/EDX) for the pr esence and composition of encrustation or biofilm, Conditioning films and encrustations were found on all stents, Encrustation elements (Ca, Mg, P) were identified on 11 of 16 Black Beauty (69%), 7 of 16 LSe (4 4%), and 12 of 32 SofFlex (38%) stents, The stent type, duration of in sertion, and age or sex of the patient did not correlate significantly with the amount of encrustation, Bacterial biofilms were found on 1 o f 7 Black Beauty stents (14%) and 7 of 32 SofFlex stents (22%), In a s econd study, an additional 28 patients with SofFlex stents mere treate d with ciprofloxacin (N = 16) or ofloxacin (N = 12), Their stents were subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography to determine if o ral antibiotic therapy can lead to drug adsorption to the stent. Analy sis showed that both ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin adsorbed to the stent surfaces. The mean concentrations of the two antibiotics within the c onditioning film of the stents were 0.99 mu g/mL and 0.34 mu g/mL, res pectively. These surface science techniques provide a comprehensive me thod of evaluating ureteral stents and other prosthetic devices in viv o.