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Recent advances highlight the involvement of histone acetyltransferase
s in transcriptional activation and histone deacetylases in transcript
ional repression. Transcription factors roaded onto regulatory DNA ele
ments may recruit either coactivators with histone acetyltransferase a
ctivity or corepressors associated with histone deacetylases. The recr
uited enzymes may either acetylate or deacetylate proximal nucleosomal
histones or nonhistone chromosomal proteins. (C) Current Biology Ltd
ISSN 0959-437X.