A meta-analytic integration reviews evidence for deindividuation theor
y as an explanation of collective and antinormative behavior. Deindivi
duation theories propose a subjective deindividuated state that causes
transgression of general social norms. Deindividuation research class
ically manipulates anonymity, self-awareness, and group size. Results
of 60 independent studies showed little support for (a) the occurrence
of deindividuated (antinormative) behaviors or (b) the existence of a
deindividuated state. Research results were explained mon adequately
by situation-specific than by general social norms. Analyses indicated
that groups and individuals conform more to situation-specific norms
when they are ''deindividuated.'' These findings are inconsistent with
deindividuation theory but support a social identity model of deindiv
iduation effects.