A REVIEW OF CONCEPTUAL LANDSCAPE PLANNING-MODELS FOR MULTIOBJECTIVE FORESTRY IN SWEDEN

This paper reviews the approaches to multiple objective landscape plan ning that have developed in Swedish forestry in the 1990s. The objecti ves of such planning include primarily timber production and maintenan ce of biodiversity, but also aspects such as aesthetics and recreation . The variety of approaches and models that have emerged is caused by regional differences in land-use history, forest conditions, recreatio n pressure, and ownership. We distinguish three approaches: The specie s approach and the naturalness approach integrate conservation aspects , while the multiple aspects approach integrates several aspects (biol ogical, social, economic, spiritual, etc.) into commercial timber-prod ucing forestry. The species approach is exemplified by the key habitat - corridor model in which key habitats and corridors are preserved to support certain species. The natural landscape model illustrates an e xample of the naturalness approach, as it integrates natural forest fe atures from a fire-disturbed landscape and gives examples of managemen t implications at the landscape as well as at the stand level. The mul tiple aspects approach combines several objectives and defines importa nt structures rather loosely. This approach was developed in areas whe re private nonindustrial forestry dominates. Nontimber and nonconserva tion aspects therefore become relevant to forest management. The suppo rtive feature model exemplifies an application of that approach.