Dr. Gaskell et A. Saelim, MARANGONI ENHANCEMENT OF DESULFURIZATION OF LIQUID-IRON, Philosophical transactions-Royal Society of London. Physical sciences and engineering, 356(1739), 1998, pp. 955-956
Liquid iron at 1600 degrees C, containing 0.088 wt% S and 0.070 wt% O,
was desulphurized by a lime-saturated calcium ferrite slag at a rate
significantly greater than that calculated on the assumption that diff
usion of sulphur in the liquid iron was rate controlling. It is postul
ated that the transfer of sulphur across the slag-metal interface caus
ed local variations in the interfacial Energy, which induced Marangoni
stirring in both the metal and slag phases.