HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS TO L-ASPARAGINASE DO NOT IMPACT ON THE REMISSION DURATION OF ADULTS WITH ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC-LEUKEMIA

Among its multiple toxic effects, L-asparaginase induces allergic reac tions that may reduce its biological effect. The impact of hypersensit ivity reactions on the duration of leukemia-free survival(LFS) was ass essed in adults with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL ) receiving intensive multi-agent chemotherapy. In CALGB study 8811 (B lood 1995; 85: 2025-2037), 197 adults were scheduled to receive 14 dos es of Escherichia coli L-asparaginase (6000 U/m(2) SC) during 7 of the first 12 weeks of chemotherapy. No further L-asparaginase was given. Chemotherapy was given for 24 months. The median follow-up time has be en 5.7 years. Of the 141 patients who remained on study after 12 weeks , 82 (58%) had received all 14 planned doses; 38 (27%) had 12-13 L-asp araginase doses documented in their treatment record; 21 (15%) patient s had received less than or equal to 11 doses due to a variety of toxi c effects. The mean number of doses received prior to experiencing any hypersensitivity reaction was seven (range 1-11). Seven patients had mild hypersensitivity reactions, but all seven eventually received 12- 14 doses of E. coli L-asparaginase. Twenty-one other patients had seve re hypersensitivity reactions that required discontinuation of E. coli L-asparaginase; 20 of these patients were switched to Erwinia L-aspar aginase to complete their treatment. Ultimately, 12 of these 20 patien ts received 14 doses of L-asparaginase in total, and six received 12-1 3 doses. Thus, only three of the 21 patients who had severe hypersensi tivity reactions received less than or equal to 11 total L-asparaginas e doses. Other L-asparaginase-related complications included pancreati tis (15 patients), hypofibrinogenemia <100 mg/dl (29 patients), and de ep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism (eight patients); some of t hese patients had L-asparaginase discontinued after these complication s. The estimates for LFS at 3 years were 55% (95% confidence interval, 44-65%) for the patients who received all 14 L-asparaginase doses (me dian LFS, 5.1 years), 47% (95% CI, 33-62%) for those who received 12-1 3 doses, anal 48% (95% CI, 29-67%) for those who received less than or equal to 11 doses. There were no significant differences between thes e three groups in the length of LFS (P = 0.68). LFS did not correlate with a history of severe hypersensitivity reaction (P = 0.67). In gene ral, E. coil L-asparaginase was well tolerated in these adult patients , and most patients received all of the planned therapy. Patients who had mild L-asparaginase hypersensitivity reactions and patients who sw itched to Erwinia L-asparaginase because of more severe allergic react ions did not have significantly shorter LFS than the remaining adults treated on this ALL protocol. The possibility that E. coli L-asparagin ase is inactivated or destroyed in those individuals who have become h ypersensitive to it becomes less important when allergic patients are secondarily treated with Erwinia L-asparaginase.