Kh. Jhee et al., MUTATION OF AN ACTIVE-SITE RESIDUE OF TRYPTOPHAN SYNTHASE (BETA-SERINE 377) ALTERS COFACTOR CHEMISTRY, The Journal of biological chemistry, 273(19), 1998, pp. 11417-11422
To better understand how an enzyme controls cofactor chemistry, we hav
e changed a tryptophan synthase residue that interacts with the pyridi
ne nitrogen of the pyridoxal phosphate cofactor from a neutral Ser (be
ta-Ser(377)) to a negatively charged Asp or Glu, The spectroscopic pro
perties of the mutant enzymes are altered and become similar to those
of tryptophanase and aspartate aminotransferase, enzymes in which an A
sp residue interacts with the pyridine nitrogen of pyridoxal phosphate
. The absorption spectrum of each mutant enzyme undergoes a pH-depende
nt change (pK(a) similar to 7.7) from a form with a protonated interna
l aldimine nitrogen (lambda(max), = 416 nm) to a deprotonated form (la
mbda(max), = 336 nm), whereas the absorption spectra of the wild type
tryptophan synthase beta(2), subunit and alpha(2) beta(2), complex are
pH-independent. The reaction of the S377D alpha(2) beta(2) complex wi
th L-serine, L-tryptophan, and other substrates results in the accumul
ation of pronounced absorption bands (lambda(max), = 498-510 nm) ascri
bed to quinonoid intermediates. We propose that the engineered Asp or
Glu residue changes the cofactor chemistry by stabilizing the protonat
ed pyridine nitrogen of pyridoxal phosphate, reducing the pK(a) of the
internal aldimine nitrogen and promoting formation of quinonoid inter
mediates.