S. Hikami, LEVEL-SPACING UNIVERSALITY IN A RANDOM-MATRIX MODEL WITH AN EXTERNAL SOURCE, Philosophical magazine. B. Physics of condensed matter.Statistical mechanics, electronic, optical and magnetic, 77(5), 1998, pp. 1173-1179
We consider a random-matrix theory with an external source and discuss
the universality of the nearest-neighbour level-spacing probability p
(s), which becomes independent of the external source eigenvalues. Whe
n the external source eigenvalues are separately given in a wide regio
n, the breakdown of the universality appears. The average of p(s) for
the randomly chosen external eigenvalues shows the cross-over from the
universal Gaussian unitary ensemble behaviour to Poissonian behaviour
.