Predictions of perturbative QCD (pQCD) for inclusive production of dir
ect photons and mesons at high p(T) are tested using new high-statisti
cs measurements from Fermilab experiment E706. Inclusive cross section
s are presented for 515 GeV/c pi(-) and 530 and 800 GeV/c proton beams
incident on a Be target, and for the kinematic range 4< p(T) <10 GeV/
c and central rapidities. Current Next-to-Leading Log (NLL) QCD calcul
ations fail to accommodate the data. for usual choices of scales. The
data indicate the presence of a substantial effective k(T); a phenomen
ological model of k(T) effects improves the agreement between the calc
ulations and the cross section data.