Nature's most potent molecules are produced by enzyme-catalysed reacti
ons, coupled with the natural selection of those products that possess
optimal biological activity. Combinatorial biocatalysis harnesses the
natural diversity of enzymatic reactions for the iterative synthesis
of organic libraries. Iterative reactions can be performed using isola
ted enzymes or whole cells, in natural and unnatural environments, and
on substrates in solution or on a solid phase. Combinatorial biocatal
ysis is a powerful addition to the expanding array of combinatorial me
thods for the generation and optimization of lead compounds in drug di
scovery and development.